Comments for 15c and city mark of Moulins ?

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French Guarantee Mark on Gold
by: Yvonne

Hello Piotrek!

France has used a variety of French marks and French hallmarks since the 13th century. These include:
Guarantee (Purity), Charge & Discharge (Duty/Tax), Countermark (Assay), Census etc.

Most towns and regions had their own marks or standards, which varied a lot over time. Most silver or precious metal items, after 1838, made in France, have only two marks: Guarantee mark and the mark of the maker.


In France on 18ct + Gold, the Guarantee mark is the Eagle - ca 1838 - Present

So although the item has the two marks, the guarantee mark should be an eagle.

Thanks for writing in!
Yvonne Hammouda-Eyre
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